1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calendar

by Wesley Stoker Barker Woolhouse

CALENDAR, so called from the Roman Calends or Kalends, a method of distributing time into certain periods adapted to the purposes of civil life, as hours, days, weeks, months, years, &c.

Sections

• Civil Calendar
• Ecclesiastical Calendar
  • Epacts
  • Easter
• Hebrew Calendar
• Mahommedan Calendar

Table XII.—Epochs, Eras, and Periods.

Name.	Christian Date of Commencement.
Grecian Mundane era	1 Sep. 5598 B.C.
Civil era of Constantinople	1 Sep. 5508   ”
Alexandrian era	29 Aug. 5502   ”
Ecclesiastical era of Antioch	1 Sep. 5492   ”
Julian Period	1 Jan. 4713   ”
Mundane era	Oct. 4008   ”
Jewish Mundane era	Oct. 3761   ”
Era of Abraham	1 Oct. 2015   ”
Era of the Olympiads	1 July 776   ”
Roman era	24 April 753   ”
Era of Nabonassar	26 Feb. 747   ”
Metonic Cycle	15 July 432   ”
Grecian or Syro-Macedonian era	1 Sep. 312   ”
Tyrian era	19 Oct. 125   ”

Name.	Christian Date of Commencement.
Sidonian era	Oct. 110 B.C.
Caesarean era of Antioch	1 Sep. 48   ”
Julian year	1 Jan. 45   ”
Spanish era	1 Jan. 38   ”
Actian era	1 Jan. 30   ”
Augustan era	14 Feb. 27   ”
Vulgar Christian era	1 Jan. 1 A.D.
Destruction of Jerusalem	1 Sep. 69   ”
Era of Maccabees	24 Nov. 166   ”
Era of Diocletian	17 Sep. 284   ”
Era of Ascension	12 Nov. 295   ”
Era of the Armenians	7 July 552   ”
Mahommedan era of the Hegira	16 July 622   ”
Persian era of Yezdegird	16 June 632   ”

For the Revolutionary Calendar see French Revolution ad fin.

The principal works on the calendar are the following:—Clavius, Romani Calendarii a Gregorio XIII. P.M. restituti Explicatio (Rome, 1603); L’Art de vérifier les dates; Lalande, Astronomie, tome ii.; Traité de la sphère et du calendrier, par M. Revard (Paris, 1816); Delambre, Traité de l’astronomie théorique et pratique, tome iii.; Histoire de l’astronomie moderne; Methodus technica brevis, perfacilis, ac perpetua construendi Calendarium Ecclesiasticum, Stylo tam novo quam vetere, pro cunctis Christianis Europae populis, &c., auctore Paulo Tittel (Göttingen, 1816); Formole analitiche pel calcolo della Pasgua, e correzione di quello di Gauss, con critiche osservazioni sù quanta ha scritto del calendario il Delambri, di Lodovico Ciccolini (Rome, 1817); E. H. Lindo, Jewish Calendar for Sixty-four Years (1838); W. S. B. Woolhouse, Measures, Weights, and Moneys of all Nations (1869).  (T. G.; W. S. B. W.)